Linux命令教程

Linux命令教程

Linux命令教程

Linux命令是非常多的，但是也不必因此而烦恼，只需要掌握常用的命令，就可以满足日常工作开发了。本教程汇总了最常用的Linux命令。

很多Linux命令不好记忆或者理解，是因为出自英语国家，而单词往往采用了部分单词字母的拼接，从而丢失了原本的意义。理解全拼才能真正的见文知义，就像曾经做的很多项目只看名字压根不不知道是个什么东西，例如HWCQ、PI+、ICARE、HIS、HIC等等。

Linux 常用命令全拼

  • pwd: print work directory 打印当前目录 显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径
  • ps: process status(进程状态，类似于windows的任务管理器)
  • 常用参数：－auxf
  • ps -auxf 显示进程状态
  • df: disk free 其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。
  • du: Disk usage
  • rpm：即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的发明之一
  • rmdir：Remove Directory（删除目录）
  • rm：Remove（删除目录或文件）
  • cat: concatenate 连锁
  • cat file1file2>>file3 把文件1和文件2的内容联合起来放到file3中
  • insmod: install module,载入模块
  • ln -s : link -soft 创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式
  • mkdir：Make Directory(创建目录)
  • touch: touch
  • man: Manual
  • su：Swith user(切换用户)
  • cd：Change directory
  • ls：List files
  • ps：Process Status
  • mkdir：Make directory
  • rmdir：Remove directory
  • mkfs: Make file system
  • fsck：File system check
  • uname: Unix name
  • lsmod: List modules
  • mv: Move file
  • rm: Remove file
  • cp: Copy file
  • ln: Link files
  • fg: Foreground
  • bg: Background
  • chown: Change owner
  • chgrp: Change group
  • chmod: Change mode
  • umount: Unmount
  • dd: 本来应根据其功能描述"Convert an copy"命名为"cc"，但"cc"已经被用以代表"CComplier"，所以命名为"dd"
  • tar：Tape archive （磁带档案）
  • ldd：List dynamic dependencies
  • insmod：Install module
  • rmmod：Remove module
  • lsmod：List module
  • rc：文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等），Resource configuration
  • Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目录下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）
  • .a（扩展名a）：Archive，static library
  • .so（扩展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library
  • .o（扩展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file
  • RPM：Red hat package manager
  • dpkg：Debian package manager
  • apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供）

其他 Linux 命令缩写

bin = Binaries (二进制文件)
/dev = Devices (设备)
/etc = Etcetera (等等)
/lib = LIBrary
/proc = Processes
/sbin = Superuser Binaries (超级用户的二进制文件)
/tmp = Temporary (临时)
/usr = Unix Shared Resources
/var = Variable (变量)
FIFO = First In, First Out
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
IFS = Internal Field Seperators
LILO = LInux LOader
MySQL = My 是最初作者女儿的名字，
SQL = Structured QueryLanguage
PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP HypertextPreprocessor
PS = Prompt String
Perl = “Pratical Extraction and Report Language”(实际的抽取和报告语言) =”Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister”
Python 得名于电视剧Monty Python’s Flying Circus
Tcl = Tool Command Language
Tk = ToolKit
VT = Video Terminal
YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
apache = “a patchy” server
apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
ar = archiver
as = assembler
awk = “Aho Weiberger and Kernighan”三个作者的姓的第一个字母
bash = Bourne Again SHell
bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
bg = BackGround
biff = 作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫
cal = Calendar (日历)
cat = Catenate (链接)
cd = Change Directory
chgrp = Change Group
chmod = Change Mode
chown = Change Owner
chsh = Change Shell
cmp = compare
cobra = Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture
comm = common
cp = Copy
cpio = CoPy In and Out
cpp = C Pre Processor
cron = Chronos 希腊文时间
cups = Common Unix Printing System
cvs = Current Version System
daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
dc = Desk Calculator
dd = Disk Dump (磁盘转储)
df = Disk Free
diff = Difference
dmesg = diagnostic message
du = Disk Usage
ed = editor
egrep = Extended GREP
elf = Extensible Linking Format
elm = ELectronic Mail
emacs = Editor MACroS
eval = EVALuate
ex = EXtended
exec = EXECute (执行)
fd = file descriptors
fg = ForeGround
fgrep = Fixed GREP
fmt = format
fsck = File System ChecK
fstab = FileSystem TABle
fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
gawk = GNU AWK
gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
groff = GNU troff
hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
joe = Joe’s Own Editor
ksh = Korn SHell
lame = Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder
lex = LEXical analyser
lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses
ln = Link
lpr = Line PRint
ls = list
lsof = LiSt Open Files
m4 = Macro processor Version 4
man = MANual pages
mawk = Mike Brennan’s AWK
mc = Midnight Commander
mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
mknod = Make Node
motd = Message of The Day
mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
mtab = Mount TABle
mv = Move
nano = Nano’s ANOther editor
nawk = New AWK
nl = Number of Lines
nm = names
nohup = No HangUP
nroff = New ROFF
od = Octal Dump
passwd = Passwd
pg = pager
pico = PIne’s message COmposition editor
pine = “Program for Internet News &Email” = “Pine is not Elm”
ping = 拟声 又 = Packet Internet Grouper
pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
popd = POP Directory
pr = pre
printf = Print Formatted
ps = Processes Status
pty = pseudo tty
pushd = PUSH Directory
pwd = Print Working Directory
rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell
rev = REVerse
rm = ReMove
rn = Read News
roff = RunOFF
rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat PackageManager
r = Remote (rsh, rlogin, rvim中)
rxvt = ouR XVT
seamoneky = 我
sed = Stream Editor
seq = SEQuence
shar = Shell ARchive
slrn = S-Lang rn
ssh = Secure Shell
ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
stty = Set TTY
su = Substitute User
svn = SubVersion
tar = Tape ARchive
tcsh = TENEX C shell
tee = T (T形水管接口)
telnet = TEminaL over Network
termcap = terminal capability
terminfo = terminal information
tex = τέχνη的缩写，希腊文art
tr = traslate
troff = Typesetter new ROFF
tsort = Topological SORT
tty = TeleTypewriter
twm = Tom’s Window Manager
tz = TimeZone
udev = Userspace DEV
ulimit = User’s LIMIT
umask = User’s MASK
uniq = UNIQue
i = VIsual = Very Inconvenient
vim = Vi IMproved
wall = write all
wc = Word Count
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
xargs = eXtended ARGuments
xdm = X Display Manager
xlfd = X Logical Font Description
xmms = X Multimedia System
xrdb = X Resources DataBase
xwd = X Window Dump
yacc = yet another compiler compiler
Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell
su = Switch User
MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
ECMA = European Computer ManufacturersAssociation

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